Первое и предпоследнее предложения в первом абзаце и первое предложение во втором абзаце
(Пример как разобрать на фотографии)
CONTRACT LAW
(1) A contract is an agreement which is made between two or more parties and which is binding in law. The most important principle guiding a judge when he decides if an agreement is a contract is whether a reasonable man, an average citizen, would consider it a contract. (2) In order to be binding in law the agreement must include a legally binding offer which must be followed by an acceptance of that offer. The offer must be communicated in a way that complies with the law.
In every valid contract there must also be an exchange of consideration.
Consideration is something a person has given, or done, or promised to give or do or agreed not to do when making a contract. For example, when you buy an item at a store, your consideration is the money you pay, and the seller's consideration is the item you buy. Under common law, there is no contract if there is no consideration. Consideration is usually goods, money, services. It must be reciprocal, with both parties providing consideration.
Consideration cannot be an act or thing which is contrary to law. For example, you cannot enter into a legal contract with an unqualified pilot to fly a plane.
(3) The parties to a contract must have a legal intention to be legally bound before making a contract. They must agree to contract on certain terms, that is, they must know what they are agreeing to, though they need not know that their agreement can be described in law as a contract.
To make a valid contract contractors must be legally competent. Under English law, there are special rules for interpreting contracts if one of the contractors is a company, rather than an individual, a person under 18, or a mentally ill person or if one or more contractors made a mistake when concluding a contract.
(4) Both parties must enter into a contract voluntarily. The contract signed under duress is illegal.
The subject matter of the contract must be legal. For example, an agreement to commit a crime, a tort or a fraud or to give false evidence in court could never be enforced in court.
Most contracts can be either written or oral. However, certain kinds of contracts must be in writing to be enforceable in court of law. These include contracts for the sale of land and real estate, contracts of insurance and hire-purchase.
(5) The English system of law recognises some things as being less than offer. These include advertisements in newspapers, goods offered for sale in a shop window, goods offered at auctions, tenders since it is impossible to make a contract with all the people who might be interested in getting them. All these things are seen as invitations to general public to make an offer. The law calls them «an invitation to treat».
If I see an ad in a newspaper offering to sell a car, and I telephone the advertiser and agree to buy it, he is not obliged to sell it to me. This is because the law considers that the real offer is when I contact the seller asking to buy the car. The seller may then decide whether to accept or reject my offer.
(6) In general, businesses are free to enter into whatever contracts they agree between themselves. However, business contracts must not be contrary to case law or to Acts of Parliament. If the contents of a contract,
